Despite the optimists' wishes, the hope of returning to our previous life is in vain; the COVID-19 crisis has changed our lives and will continue to alter our habits for many months or even years to come. But rest assured, it is in human nature to adapt to reality, so it's best to take the lead for a return to normal life as quickly as possible.
As the deconfinement plan is gradually implemented, the risk of a resurgence of the virus remains high, which is why it is essential to take all necessary safety measures: remote work, barrier gestures, masks... Wearing a mask is now part of our daily lives. Unfortunately, choosing a protective mask can be difficult, which is why we have decided to provide you with this summary of the different types of masks available on the market.
Types of Masks
There are 3 types of masks recommended by authorities: FFP masks, medical masks, and general public masks.
FFP Mask
The FFP (filtering facepiece) individual respiratory protection mask is a filtering mask designed to protect the user against the risks of inhaling airborne infectious agents and also serves as protection against particles. It is used by healthcare personnel to protect against contamination and by professionals exposed to fine particles (mainly in construction and industry).
Without going into the details of the EN149 standard requirements to which it must comply, the FFP mask is a single-use mask and comes in 3 efficiency classes according to its filtration degree: FFP1, FFP2, FFP3.
- FFP1 is a dust mask that filters at least 78% of airborne particles.
- FFP2 is a virus mask (flu, avian flu, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2), it filters at least 92% of airborne particles.
- FFP3 is a mask against very fine particles (asbestos, ceramic), it filters at least 98% of airborne particles.
The protection duration of an FFP mask can vary between three and eight hours according to the manufacturer's recommendations, but it is difficult to tolerate beyond four hours.
Highly effective in protecting against COVID-19, FFP2 and FFP3 masks are generally reserved for healthcare personnel.
Medical Mask
The medical mask, also called a surgical mask, 3-ply mask, or hygiene mask, is a single-use anti-projection mask. Originally used by healthcare professionals to avoid contaminating an operating room, it has now become popular with the general public, mainly due to its low acquisition cost.
Complying with the EN14683 standard, the medical mask should not be used for more than 8 hours; it is recommended to change it after 4 hours of use. It should be discarded as soon as it is wet or soiled, preferably in a bin with a lid and a plastic bag.
Barrier Mask
The barrier mask, also called a general public mask, is an alternative anti-projection fabric mask that is washable and reusable. It is recommended by the government following the shortage of surgical and FFP2 masks.
Made of 2 or 3 layers depending on the manufacturer, the barrier mask may not be certified or tested by a laboratory, but it must follow the manufacturing criteria present in the AFNOR standardization association reference guide. These specifications set the size, composition, and storage of the mask; for example, it must filter at least 70% of 3-micron particles emitted by the user while maintaining good breathability. To consult the AFNOR specifications click here.
The maximum recommended usage duration is 4 hours. It can also include a disposable filter. As for its maintenance, the number of washes varies depending on the model, ranging from 5 to 30 washes.
What to Avoid
- The barrier mask cannot be used for protection against chemicals.
- The barrier mask should not be frozen. The viral agent is preserved, and at 4°C, it does not lose its infectious nature.
Proper Mask Usage
Before handling the mask, it is recommended to wash your hands. For optimal use (to ensure good seal), it is advised to wear the mask on bare skin.
- Place the mask on the face (covering the mouth, nose, and chin).
- Ensure the mask is properly fitted by checking the seal and respiratory discomfort. To do this, simply cover the mask with a plastic film and inhale; if it sticks to the face, it means it is "sealed".
- Once adjusted, do not touch the mask with your hands. Each time the mask is touched, the user should wash their hands with soap and water or use a hydroalcoholic solution.
To safely remove the mask, it is recommended to:
- Remove protective gloves if applicable.
- Wash hands with soap and water or use a hydroalcoholic solution.
- Remove the mask by grasping the elastics from the back without touching the front part of the barrier mask.
- Place the mask in a specific container (clean plastic bag) for washing or disposal.
Conclusion
Wearing a mask has become mandatory in many situations, and if not, it is highly recommended to reduce the risk of contagion. In any case, the mask does not replace barrier gestures, social distancing, or other government recommendations and measures.
Take care of yourself and thank you again for your commitment.
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