In France, weapon regulations are strictly controlled to ensure public safety. Weapons are categorized under the French Internal Security Code into four main categories: A, B, C, and D. Each category has specific rules regarding the acquisition, possession, and use of weapons.
1. Category A: Prohibited Weapons
Category A weapons are strictly forbidden for civilian ownership, except for professional use (e.g., military, police). This category is divided into two subcategories:
- A1: Weapons of war (e.g., assault rifles, automatic firearms).
- A2: Heavy military equipment (e.g., tanks, combat aircraft).
Civilian sales of these weapons are not allowed. Exceptions are granted only under strict conditions.
2. Category B: Weapons Subject to Authorization
Category B weapons require a prefectural authorization for acquisition and possession. These are typically firearms used for sport shooting or personal defense.
- Examples: Semi-automatic pistols, revolvers, pump-action shotguns.
To obtain authorization, applicants must provide documentation such as a medical certificate, a shooting permit, and membership in a shooting club.
3. Category C: Weapons Subject to Declaration
Category C weapons mainly include hunting and sport shooting weapons. They can be purchased after a simple declaration to the authorities.
- Examples: Hunting rifles, manually repeating rifles, airguns exceeding 20 joules.
The owner must be at least 18 years old and provide a valid shooting license or hunting permit.
4. Category D: Freely Sold Weapons with Conditions
Category D weapons can be purchased freely but only by individuals over the age of 18. These include weapons that are not considered highly dangerous but still pose some risk.
- Examples: Knives, batons, certain types of electric stun guns, historical weapons (pre-1900).
Some weapons in this category, such as bladed weapons, may have restrictions on public carrying or transportation.
General Regulations
- Minimum Age: The purchase of any weapon, regardless of category, is restricted to individuals over 18 years old.
- Transport: Carrying or transporting weapons (even declared ones) in public is strictly regulated. Authorization is often required for transportation.
- Penalties: Possession of weapons without proper authorization or carrying them in public can lead to severe penalties, including heavy fines and imprisonment.
Conclusion
The categorization of weapons in France is designed to balance the rights of lawful users with public safety concerns. Each type of weapon has specific rules for acquisition, possession, and use. It's crucial for weapon owners to be aware of and comply with these regulations to avoid serious penalties.